Use Measured Inputs
Use metered evaporation or a defensible operating estimate and the actual target cycles established for the cooling system.
Estimate makeup demand, blowdown volume, and potentially recoverable water using a simplified cooling-tower water balance.
Simplified estimate: makeup = evaporation + blowdown, and blowdown = evaporation / (cycles - 1). Drift, leaks, process losses, treatment losses, seasonal variation, and water-quality limits are excluded.
Use metered evaporation or a defensible operating estimate and the actual target cycles established for the cooling system.
Cycles are constrained by hardness, silica, chlorides, pH, corrosion, treatment chemistry, temperature, and system materials.
Add drift, leaks, treatment losses, seasonal conditions, storage, residuals, and downtime in project-level engineering.